Patrick G. Goode was born of French Huguenot stock in Cornwall parish, Charlotte County, Virginia (several sources give it as adjacent Prince Edward County) and moved early in life with his parents, Philip and Rebekah (Hayes) Goode, to Wayne County, Ohio. They moved to Xenia, Ohio in 1805 where Patrick attended Xenia Academy and then the Espy school in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He studied law under Judge Collett in Lebanon, Ohio and was admitted to the bar in 1821.

Patrick Gaines Goode married Mary Whiteman on July 3, 1822 in Greene County, Ohio. They had at least one son, Benedict Whiteman Goode. P. G. Goode practiced law in Madison, Indiana and then in Shelby County, Ohio.

In 1831, Patrick G. Goode was a commissioner charged with locating the county seat of Allen County, Ohio. He had the honor of naming the newly surveyed town and borrowed the name from Lima, the capital of Peru, and it was said that “to his last day would not forgive the public for their resolute abandonment of the Spanish pronunciation of the name.”

Patrick G. Goode was elected to the Ohio House of Representatives in 1833 and 1834. He was put up for Speaker of the Ohio House, but was defeated after several ballots. He was elected as a Whig to the Twenty-fifth, Twenty-sixth, and Twenty-seventh Congresses from Ohio's 3rd congressional district. He did not stand for renomination in 1842. Patrick G. Goode was a local preacher nearly all his life and occupied a pulpit almost every Sunday while in Washington, D.C. during his congressional career.

In 1844, he became judge for one term of the Court of Common Pleas in the newly created Sixteenth Judicial District of Ohio spanning ten counties (Shelby, Mercer, Allen, Hardin, Hancock, Putnam, Paulding, Van Wert, Williams and Defiance). When the Seventeenth district was formed in 1848, five of the northern counties were taken from the Sixteenth, but Auglaize was added. Judge Goode was one of the last circuit-riding judges.

At the conclusion of his term of office in 1851, Judge Goode retired from the legal profession and joined the Methodist Episcopal clergy in the Central Ohio Conference and preached until near the close of his life. He was located for a time at Anna, Ohio and Wapakoneta, Ohio. His knowledge of parliamentary procedure was shared by so few men in the pulpit that he was in great demand at the Conferences.

Patrick Gaines Goode died in Sidney, Ohio two weeks after the Conference at Greenville in 1862. He is interred in Graceland Cemetery.