Frank "Moose" Goheen began his hockey career with the White Bear High School and City Team and was said to have been the finest player produced in the state of Minnesota. He was even considered by some to be even better than the legendary Hobey Baker. In addition to hockey he was an excellent football and baseball player at the Indiana University.

Goheen was a member of the St. Paul Athletic Club when that team won the McNaughton Trophy in 1915-16 and 1916-17 as United States Amateur Hockey champions but he did not play in 1917-18 and 1918-19, choosing instead to serve in the United States Army during the First World War. After being discharged, he became a member of the 1920 United States hockey team that played in the Olympics in Antwerp, Belgium, bringing home a silver medal. Goheen was named to the 1924 United States Olympic hockey team but he elected to stay home because of job commitments and did not join his countrymen in Chamonix, France.

Goheen turned professional with the St. Paul Hockey Club starting in the 1925-26 season after having turned down offers from Boston and Toronto of the National Hockey League because of a reluctance to leave his employment in St. Paul with the Northern States Power Company.

Moose Goheen was elected to Minnesota Sports Hall of Fame in 1958 and to the United States Hockey Hall of Fame in 1973. He was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1952.