James Henderson Kyle (February 24, 1854 July 1, 1901) was an American politician. One of the most successful members of the Populist Party he served for 10 years as a member of the United States Senate from South Dakota from 1891 until his death. James Kyle was born at his family's farm in Greene County, Ohio. His parents were Thomas and Jane Kyle and he had at least five siblings. His great-grandparents were Scotish and Irish immigrants. At the age of 11 he moved with his family to Urbana, Illinois.
As a young man Kyle had much difficulty choosing his career, but gained much education and supported himself by farming and teaching. He studied civil engineering and law but eventually decided to become a congregational minister. He graduated from Western Theological Seminary in Pennsylvania in 1881 and moved to Salt Lake City, Utah in 1882 to become pastor of a church and director of a seminary there. In 1885 he moved to South Dakota because it was better for his wife's health. He continued to be a minister until 1891.
In 1890 he entered politics at the urging of many people after he made a passionate political address. This was shortly after South Dakota became a state. He was first elected to the state senate but shortly after that he was elected to the United States Senate. He refused to join a political party and was one of few people to enter the Senate an an independent, but he was supported by the state Democratic party at this time. During his first term in the Senate he joined the emerging Populist Party. Kyle was reelected to the Senate by the state legislature in 1897. Soon after, as the Populist Party was disintegrating, Kyle switched to the Republican Party.
Kyle served on many committees in the Senate. From 1893 to 1895 and from 1897 to 1901 he was the chairman of the Committee on Education and Labor, and from 1895 to 1897 he was a chairman of a committee to establish a university of the United States. Kyle was one of the main sponsors of a bill to create the holiday Labor Day. Kyle strongly supported the Spanish-American War. Kyle was known as a hard-working, articulate senator who defended the rights of workers. From 1898 to 1901 he served as a member of the National Industiral Commission.
Kyle began to suffer from serious health problems in 1898. He died at the age of 47 in Aberdine, South Dakota where he had lived from the late 1880s until 1891.
Kyle was married to Anna Eliza Dugot Kyle and they had two children.
